Dose-Response and Risk Assessment of Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Lung Cancer Mortality

This study evaluates the dose-response relationship for inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and lung cancer mortality for workers of a chromate production facility, and provides estimates of the carcinogenic potency. The data were analyzed using relative risk and additive risk dose-response models implemented with both Poisson and Cox regression. Potential confounding by birth cohort and smoking prevalence were also assessed. Lifetime cumulative exposure and highest monthly exposure were the dose metrics evaluated. The estimated lifetime additional risk of lung cancer mortality associated with 45 years of occupational exposure to 1 microg/m3 Cr(VI) (occupational exposure unit risk) was 0.00205 (90%CI: 0.00134, 0.00291) for the relative risk model and 0.00216 (90%CI: 0.00143, 0.00302) for the additive risk model assuming a linear dose response for cumulative exposure with a five-year lag. Extrapolating these findings to a continuous (e.g., environmental) exposure scenario yielded an environmental unit risk of 0.00978 (90%CI: 0.00640, 0.0138) for the relative risk model [e.g., a cancer slope factor of 34 (mg/kg-day)-1] and 0.0125 (90%CI: 0.00833, 0.0175) for the additive risk model. The relative risk model is preferred because it is more consistent with the expected trend for lung cancer risk with age. Based on statistical tests for exposure-related trend, there was no statistically significant increased lung cancer risk below lifetime cumulative occupational exposures of 1.0 mg-yr/m3, and no excess risk for workers whose highest average monthly exposure did not exceed the current Permissible Exposure Limit (52 microg/m3). It is acknowledged that this study had limited power to detect increases at these low exposure levels. These cancer potency estimates are comparable to those developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and should be useful for assessing the potential cancer hazard associated with inhaled Cr(VI).     

基因序列的可专利性研究

从基因序列的发明发现之争、基因序列的创造性和实用性分析、基因序列专利保护对社会公共利益的影响三个方面出发,对基因序列的专利保护问题进行了深入具体的分析探讨,最终发现:从理论上讲,没有足够充分的理由阻止基因序列的专利保护,但是各国对基因序列的专利保护应当根据本国基因资源拥有、生物科技的发展等具体情况而定。     

理工农医高校文科学报发展的制约因素

与那些重点综合性大学和师范类高校的文科学报相比,理工农医院校的文科学报存在诸多的发展制约因素:学报发展缺乏强势学科的支撑;学报的稿源不够理想;学校对学报重视不够,编辑人员的结构不够合理;办刊模式僵化,缺少个性和特色。理工农医高校文科学报要突破各种阻碍学报发展的制约因素,就要更新观念,大胆变革,锐意创新,不断探索期刊发展的新路。     

科技发展与人的发展

在社会实践活动中,科学技术引导人在真、善、美三个方面充分展现自己的本性和才能,是人发展与完善自身的内在动力。由于科技发展与人的社会责任、知识成果运用的动机与效果之间存在可能的冲突,科技发展对人的发展也具有否定性影响。必须对科技活动的主体提出自我调适的要求,促进人类健康发展。     

我国农业技术扩散的障碍因素分析

农业技术的有效扩散是农业经济快速健康发展的决定性因素之一,而我国农业技术扩散存在严重障碍。结合技术扩散理论,以农业技术市场为扩散平台,分析了影响我国农业技术有效扩散的宏观与微观层面的因素,并在此基础上得出了相关对策:农业科研必须以市场需求为出发点,走“产、学、研”相结合的道路;必须提高农民的组织化程度;必须规范农村技术市场秩序等。     

Benchmark Analysis: Shopping with Proper Confidence

We discuss the issue of using benchmark doses for quantifying (excess) risk associated with exposure to environmental hazards. The paradigm of low-dose risk estimation in dose-response modeling is used as the primary application scenario. Emphasis is placed on making simultaneous inferences on benchmark doses when data are in the form of proportions, although the concepts translate easily to other forms of outcome data.     

萨克塞的生态哲学思想探析

汉斯.萨克塞的生态哲学主要讨论了人与自然、人与技术以及人与社会的问题,而解决这些问题的出路在于人类要尊重自然、理解技术以及信任他人,从生态学的整体性思维出发,谋求与大自然的和谐统一。     

国外科技园运行模式对我国大学科技园发展的启示

介绍了我国当前大学科技园发展的实际状况 ,以及国外大学科技园发展的运行模式 ,通过国内外比较 ,探讨了我国大学科技园发展中需要注意的问题。认为大学科技园的发展应引入市场化机制 ,走开放型、国际化道路 ,并在宏观管理方面加强评估     

克隆技术对人类社会的影响

本文分析了克隆技术对社会发展的积极作用和消极影响 ,分析了“Clone”技术的必然发展趋势 ,预言了“Clone”技术对人类社会的深层影响及对策 ,提示人类应用该项技术时要趋利避害     

科技革命与文化发展

近代科学革命动摇了宗教的思想与信仰，技术革命造就的工业革命隔断了传统化的自然基础。现代科学重新建构了当代人的世界观，现代科技的双重效应成为社会化的重大主题，科技在现代化中的份量在加重，现代科技造就了后工业社会的化模式，科技增强了化的影响和力量。科技革命促进了大众化的兴起，为大众化创造了技术条件，提供了经济条件，赋予了现代内涵。